The laws, and what they mean in practice

Privacy, AI and cybersecurity laws that shape digital trust work, from the GDPR to every US state privacy law. Each entry says who it applies to, who enforces it and when, in plain words, with the sources. Free for everyone.

102laws explained
24US states with a privacy law
5coming into force
94in force today

US federal 12

HIPAA

US federal
In force

Governs protected health information held by the health care system and its vendors: permitted uses and disclosures, patient rights, security safeguards for electronic records, and breach notice.

Since Apr 14, 2003 Guide in progress

FTC Act Section 5

US federal
In force

The main federal privacy enforcement tool: unfair or deceptive practices, including privacy promises not kept and unreasonable security.

Since Sep 26, 1914 Guide in progress

GLBA

US federal
In force

Privacy notices and opt-outs for sharing customer financial information, and an information security program with specific safeguards under the Safeguards Rule.

Since Nov 12, 1999 Guide in progress

COPPA

US federal
In force

Verifiable parental consent before collecting personal information from children under 13, with notice, access and deletion rights for parents.

Since Apr 21, 2000 Guide in progress

CAN-SPAM

US federal
In force

Honest headers and subject lines, a postal address, and an opt-out honored within ten business days. No consent is required to send.

Since Jan 1, 2004 Guide in progress

TCPA

US federal
In force

Consent rules for automated and prerecorded calls and texts, the National Do Not Call Registry, and statutory damages per call.

Since Dec 20, 1991 Guide in progress

FCRA

US federal
In force

Accuracy, permissible purpose and dispute rights for consumer reports, including background checks for employment.

Since Apr 25, 1971

FERPA

US federal
In force

Parent and eligible student rights over education records, and limits on disclosing them.

Since Aug 21, 1974

VPPA

US federal
In force

Limits disclosure of what video a person watched; now a frequent basis for lawsuits over tracking pixels on video pages.

Since Nov 5, 1988

GINA

US federal
In force

Prohibits use of genetic information in employment and health insurance decisions.

Since May 21, 2008

SEC cyber disclosure

US federal
In force

Disclosure of material cybersecurity incidents within four business days of determining materiality, and annual disclosure of risk management and governance.

Since Sep 5, 2023

FTC HBNR

US federal
In force

Breach notice for health apps and similar services outside HIPAA, where unauthorized sharing counts as a breach.

Since Sep 24, 2009

This library explains laws for practitioners. It is not legal advice, and laws change: check the sources on each page and take advice from counsel before acting.